Friday, July 25, 2008

Why are Koreans Hyper-Sensitive to Criticisms from Non-Koreans? (And How Can I be a Good Critic?)

-NOTE: This is Part 2 of the joint posting with Roboseyo and Ask A Korean! See the first parts here: Ask A Korean! I Roboseyo I-

Dear Korean,

For a culture so aware of their international image, and so eager to take the international stage, ("Hey, look everybody! A Korean has a lead role on a major network TV series!" "Do you know the Korean Wave?") why do Koreans seem hypersensitive to criticism from non-Koreans? I have heard defensive Koreans make outlandish claims about their culture and people that are completely unrealistic and patently untrue, even while discussing topics Koreans themselves recognize they need to improve, simply because a non-Korean is pointing out the flaws: what is going on there?

Under what conditions, if any, would Koreans be ready and open to accepting constructive criticism from non-Koreans, about Korea's society/culture/business climate/etc.? Who DOES have the right to criticize Korea? And what about non-Koreans who have moved to Korea, studied it, and lived there for a long time, and the 1.5 people in other countries? What should I say to Koreans who get defensive, or am I just butting my head against a wall by bringing up such topics with Koreans, and would do better to surrender, and praise the virtues of kimchi, and leave the controversies be?

Roboseyo



Dear Roboseyo,

The hypersensitivity that you speak of is absolutely true, but you did not need the Korean to tell you that. Everything you said about Koreans taking criticisms poorly from a non-Korean is all true: they get extremely animated as if they were personally insulted, they get defensive, and often make counter-claims that are either unpersuasive or borderline absurd.

In fact, for many expats the complaint is not about Koreans’ hypersensitivity; it is their absurd arguments in responding to criticisms. Where do the absurd arguments about Korean superiority come from? As it turns out, the hypersensitivity and the absurdity questions are related, so read on.

Korean People's Hypersensitivity

First, let us eliminate one popular hypothesis from the running. Some observers posit that Korean culture is simply not a “criticizing culture”, because it emphasizes homogeneity and harmony. Because Koreans are reluctant to criticize one another, the theory goes, any amount of criticism is considered a very bold act, and often deeply insulting.

The Korean can unequivocally say that this theory is 100 percent crap, because Koreans liberally criticize their country and each other. And truly, the severe and ignorant nature of their criticisms aimed toward their fellow Koreans makes criticisms from expats look like sprinkles of flowers and baby powder.

Just to give a couple of examples, the Korean took less than 10 minutes of Korean news search to find these choice comments. Please note that the Korean did not say anything about the comments’ coherence or persuasiveness. The Korean will not be responsible for the headache following the reading of these comments:

About Anti-U.S. Beef Protests, titled “Violent suppression against illegal protest is a matter of course”:

“Amnesty International recognized the illegality of Candlelight Protests as well. From the perspective of the riot police, they have to fight the zombie dog packs in a one-to-one hundred numerical disadvantage. It’s enough to make one scared for his life. It’s natural to strain a little in order to protect your own body from extreme fear and anxiety. It’s the same as the fact that in any war there is a mass killing. It’s the same as the situation in which a burglar broke into the house, and in order to protect your property, you could fight the running burglar and end up beat him like a dog in a bit of excitement. The problem is with the punks who tried to overturn the country and turned the streets into lawless hellhole with something that doesn’t even make sense. Keep in mind that human rights organizations always represent the weaker side’s position. Don’t human rights organizations always side with the lone murder?”


About South Korean woman being shot in North Korea, titled “All of you move to North Korea”:

“Freakin’ commies, way to ruin my morning. Stop criticizing the president and cross over if you like North Korea so much. Except you, regular people have to go on living and they have a lot to do for that. Why do you say nothing to the infamous villain Kim Jong-Il and raise hell with our president? If you were born in North Korea you don’t even get the right to run your mouth. That woman will follow you and curse you all your life in the netherworld. Why do these punks without common sense keep on running their mouth? Thanks to the Roh Moo-Hyeon administration that let go of the Internet even trashy citizens are all protected.”


(Note to expat complainers: Still think all Koreans blindly follow the beef protesters while being silent on the North Korean shooting? See what you’re missing when you don’t read Korean media directly?)

Okay then: if search for harmony is not the answer, what makes Koreans hypersensitive to criticisms from non-Koreans? The hints to the answer can be found in Roboseyo’s question. Koreans care very much about their international image, but at the same time they are deeply insecure about the same image. Such attitudes are two sides of the same coin, and the coin is called “Nationalistic Zeal”.

Remember what the Korean wrote in the previous post in this series: the keystone knowledge for understanding modern Korea is the fact that Korea went from abject poverty to one of the world’s economic leaders. Understanding Korean people’s hypersensitivity in this respect is not an exception.

How did the amazing economic growth lead to such hypersensitivity? One obvious way is that Koreans are justifiably proud of their achievement. Again, understanding the astounding magnitude of this growth is the key. In 1962, per capita GDP of Korea was $87. 45 years later in 2007, per capita GDP of Korea was $24,783.

Let’s dice those numbers around. To grow from $87 to $24,783 in 45 years, there has to be a return of 13.4 percent every year for 45 years. Not even the greatest hedge fund manager in the history of Wall Street can do that. To grow from $87 to $24,783 in 45 years, the productivity per person has to double every 5~6 years. In other words, every single person in Korea had to double his/her productivity every 5~6 years for 8~9 times in a row.

This is truly a towering achievement. This has never happened in human history before Koreans did. And Koreans are legitimately proud of their country and themselves for having achieved it. (Of course, the Chinese are now doing what Koreans did. And it should come as no surprise that the same crazed nationalism grips China as well.)

But this nationalistic zeal is not just an outcome of the spectacular growth; it has been a very important tool of the growth as well. After all, this level of development does not come without an enormous amount of sacrifice from all sectors of the society. Thus, Korean employees were asked to work 18 hours a day; Korean employees’ wives were asked to put up with the binge drinking that their husbands would engage in to relieve the stress; Korean students were asked to prove their worth through ridiculously competitive exams; and so on.

Enduring through all this stuff requires a strong motivatioon to look past the shittiness of the current situation and look to the future. Of course the desperate desire to escape poverty was a strong motivator for everyone involved in this process. But there is always more to be done. As Napoleon said, “A man does not have himself killed for a half-pence a day or for a petty distinction; you must speak to the soul in order to electrify him.”

What speaks to the Korean soul? The tried-and-true method that works on every soul. First, glorify the nation’s past history by any means possible. Second, pump the citizens up with national pride over the glorified past history. Third, blame external factors (= other countries) for the current economic plight. Fourth, remind the citizens again about the glory days of the past, and exhort them to reconstructing those moments. Presto! Suddenly you have a nation full of explosively motivated people.

[Warning! Godwin’s Law moment ahead!] Guess who mastered this formula for the first time? None other than Adolf Hitler. Let’s be clear: the Korean does not intend to say anything positive about Hitler. But the method through which the Mustachioed Symbol of Evil motivated Germans enough to turn the post-WWI scrap heap that was Germany into World War-capable economy at least deserves some attention. And the same method, give or take minor variations on the theme, was successfully used in more or less all countries that achieved impressive economic growth in the 20th century. Such countries include Germany, Russia, Italy, Japan, and yes, Korea. (And China.)

Korea’s process fits this pattern perfectly. First, Korea’s glorious past. A nation of power, evidenced by the huge territory that once stretched all the way into Manchuria 15 centuries ago! A nation of science, evidenced by the first armored ship in the world! The first metal printing press in the world! The most scientific alphabet in the world! A nation of artistic genius, with stunningly beautiful Buddhist temples and light turquois ceramics whose colors still cannot be replicated to this day! How can you not get pumped up with all this glory? All this stuff is constantly fed to the people through school textbooks, state-controlled media outlets, and totally objective reports from various university professors.

Then onto blaming other countries – which one will it be? How about Japan? All it did was to occupy Korea for 36 years, tortured and killed people, forced numerous Korean women into an institutionalized prostitution, and perform human experimentation. But we can’t forget North Korea either. Those commies almost ruined everything, and are still plotting to ruin everything. It's clear that Korea should be in a better place than where we are now given our glorious history, but it has to be those jjokbari (nips) and bbalgaeng'i (commies) that are holding us back. Well, no more! Onto economic development!

(Does this sound overly simplistic? But you just have to take the Korean's word for it that this is exactly how it happens. This message was constantly hammered in to the young Korean and his classmates throughout the Korean's school life.)

And this is the point from which both absurdity and hypersensitivity questions can be answered. Let's address the absurdity question first.

While drumming up national pride through history sounds manipulative, the Korean version of this process is, in a larger context, relatively tame. The historical account of Korea told in Korea is, by and large, true. At least Korea did not – officially – make up ancient history like Japan did, or elevate racism to the level of pseudo-science like Nazi Germany did. It is more on par with Italy’s attitude towards the Roman empire, which like Korea attempted to link back to its own history that is, while genuine, too old to be truly relevant in the modern era.

But there is no denying that, although they may be true, Korean historical accounts told by Koreans are consistently and strongly slanted towards achieving the objective stated earlier. This slant is then reinforced over and over within private channels of information (= people without deep knowledge of history simply talking to one another,) because hey, who doesn't like hearing good things about their past? As information reverberates within this self-contained echo chamber, it is often distorted to an absurd proportion.

This problem is compounded by the fact that, like any country in the world, not everyone in Korea is fully knowledgeable about her own nation’s history. Despite what an unsuspecting expat may think, Koreans do not sit and ponder for days upon days fine-tuning the arguments for Korean superiority. All they have are a few nuggets of information about Korea that they have collected through school and media. And it is precisely the schools and the media that relentlessly push out such slanted information.

But many Koreans do not have the proper perspective to evaluate this information they receive, because they have never spent much time examining other cultures. Even if they did have a proper perspective, they do not have the English skills to properly communicate the subtle nuances.

(Aside: in comparison, expats in Korea tend to be well-educated and well-traveled, likely having a better vantage point to evaluate Korean culture and society within a greater context. More importantly, where a certain culture stands within the world is something that is constantly on an expat’s mind. After all, expats are in a foreign country to do (among other things) exactly that!)

So when the irresistible compulsion to defend Korea against non-Korean-generated criticism of Korea strikes an average Korean, she is often poorly equipped to do so. Her argumentative tools simply are not adequate to properly express her fervor. Therefore, she flails about as she tries to stand her ground, and frequently resorts to poor rhetoric and obstinate denial.

For example, one of the typical responses from Koreans that Roboseyo cites is: “Go easy on us, we are just a developing nation!” To which Roboseyo answers thusly:

"Answer: Put very simply:
Still developing:



Finished developing:


Congratulations! You're part of the club! You're playing with the big kids now!

In terms of infrastructure and wealth, Korea is no longer a developing nation. Top fifteen economy in the world, people from South Asia coming HERE to work and send money home -- in the ways of the won, Korea's made it. It's a major player. Other countries look to Korea's development model to figure out how to raise their standard of living and set up infrastructure. One of the drags that comes with being one of the big boys is being a big target, and people pay more attention, and take more shots at big targets. Griping about facing criticism from the international community that Korea worked so hard to join, is like the little boy who wants to play soccer with his older brother's big friends, and then cries when they knock him down with a sliding tackle."


But with more knowledge and ability for nuanced expression, the proverbial Korean could have said this to Roboseyo instead:

“While Korea has an appearance of a fully developed nation, the appearance is more of a façade because such development was only actualized in the last two decades at best. The leadership in the society, primarily consisted of people in their 50s and above, grew up in a pre-modern era. Their paradigms are often stuck in the pre-modern era, and they perpetuate such paradigms into the younger generation through the educational process.

To explain this within your simile, sure it is annoying that the little boy cries after one sliding tackle. But for a little boy, a sliding tackle from a big boy really hurts! His desire to play with the big boys does not change the fact that his body is not ready to take the big boys’ game.”

One may disagree with this explanation, but at least this explanation is no longer absurd. But giving this type of explanation requires a certain level of knowledge, acquired by investing the time to think about this issue, as well as a certain level of eloquence in English. Many Koreans have neither.

Now, the hypersensitivity part. Note that the unit of measurement of the nationalistic zeal is a nation. The glorified history was shared as a nation. It was other nations that imposed difficulties to our own nation, and we as a nation suffered the consequences. And now, we as a nation are gearing up for ascendence, and other nations are doing the same.

It is crucial to understand that in the worldview of a nationalist, each and every person in the world operates as a member of a team called "United States of America", "Brazil", "Thailand", "South Africa", "France", etc. And each team are striving to outdo one another in a giant world race for power, be it economic, political, social, cultural or any other type one can think of.

(Ever wondered why World Cup soccer is so popular around the world? It's not just that soccer is joga bonito. World Cup is so popular because nothing actualizes the world-race in the minds of nationalists quite like a bunch of countries playing a ballgame.)

And here is the reason why Koreans get hypersensitive to criticisms from non-Koreans. Koreans, as faithful nationalists, are deeply concerned about their own team. So deep down, Koreans love hearing what non-Koreans have to say about them. After all, Koreans know that Korea has much to learn to become a leader in the world, and they are keen on listening to any pointers.

But Koreans nonetheless often respond negatively to a non-Korean generated criticism, for two reasons. First is the reflexive emotional response. Because a member of another team just criticized your team, something that you hold dear, you will react automatically. (Ever tried criticizing Ohio State football in Ohio? It's that type of reaction, on Barry Bonds-grade steroids.) It is something along the lines of: "Don't tell me how to run our own team! You think we don't know our problems? Go mind your own fucking business!"

Second reason is that Koreans genuinely worry that criticism from a non-Korean would actively damage the standing of Korea within the world. (And the theme of nationalism as an outcome as well as the tool for that outcome shows once again.) When your team appears weak, other teams will take advantage of it. So you must repel such criticism from a non-Korean, regardless of the validity of that criticism. And the defensiveness for Korea comes out in full swing.

As a Non-Korean, What Can I Do to Become a Constructive Critic?

Let’s move onto the second part of Roboseyo’s question – what can you do, as a non-Korean, to become a constructive critic of Korea?

The most important thing is to understand the level of difficulty involved in being a critic who is listened to, not who is rejected outright. Non-Koreans and expats think they can competently criticize Korean society like they would criticize the current Medicare system. This error is understandable, because virtually anyone thinks s/he can write and criticize without receiving much specialized learning at all.

But make no mistake – there are easy and hard criticisms to make, and the gap in difficulty between the two are as wide as the Pacific Ocean. For example, after about an hour of lesson at the driving range, virtually anyone can swing a golf club. But if an American’s criticism of Medicare to another American is like a doing a round of golf in a neighborhood park, an American’s criticism of Korean society to Korean people is like teeing up at the Pebble Beach, if the entire Pebble Beach were covered in landmines. It takes abundant caution, surgically precise skills, and keen powers of observation. Lacking any of them would lead to the situation literally blowing up on your face.

What makes it so difficult? It is largely a problem of unfamiliarity. Korea’s situation is unlike any country from which expats generally hail. Especially Americans, whose nation was always economically ahead and never had to play catch-up, really do not understand how strong of a force nationalism is, not only in Korea but also in the world generally. (This often leads to crude foreign policies based on bald assertions of strength rather than a more nuanced approach. Such policies may elicit cooperation from America’s allies, but they sure do not inspire fondness towards America.)

But this does not mean that overzealous nationalistic pride is something that is completely alien to Americans, because America has comparable analogues to this phenomenon. Roboseyo, in his excellent post about kimcheerleading, compared this situation to a needy girl who goes around asking, “Do you think I’m pretty?” That analogy is close, but the Korean has a better one. Which group of people in the U.S. has been traditionally dirt-poor, until good fortune combined with incredible effort and talent propelled them to the height of wealth?

Answer: Rappers! The Korean dares anyone to come up with a better analogy. What do you think all the blings, Cristals, and Bentleys are about? Because blackness has always been associated with (among other things) poverty, black rappers go on a rampage of overcompensation to ensure that no one dares think that they are poor, even at the expense of what may be considered crass, in-your-face lyrics and accessories.


(A good one from Saturday Night Live: “Oil price has hit a new high today and continues its trend upwards. Which means, in a few weeks, rappers will start to drink it.”)

But it’s important to realize that it is more than fashion sense that compels rappers to cover up in bling. What rappers demand, through such extravagance, is respect. In other words, rappers want the privileged people of America to recognize that they too are a part of the upper echelon of the society as well. Problem is that they decided to send that message in a form that the existing upper echelon of the society would consider, well, absurd. (Let’s face it – we would all be thinking rappers dress like idiots if their music weren’t so awesome. A hairnet? Seriously? Only old lunch ladies were wearing hairnets until rappers started donning them!)

Now you can imagine the proper difficulty of being a non-Korean, constructive critic. Could you imagine yourself walking up to Tupac (bless his soul) and his crew saying:

“How are you Mr. Shakur? You know, I think you really should stop rapping about shooting the police. I understand where you are coming from, but really, times have changed, and the police now protect all of us. I mean, just look at the number of African-American police officers we have around the country now. It’s really a terrible influence for children, so I really think it’s time for you to move on.”

Is this a valid criticism? Sure it is! But would Tupac listen to you? Putting aside the minor issue that Pac is no longer alive, you would be lucky not to have a cap in your ass by the time you finish your second sentence. Getting Tupac to listen to you would take a lot more rhetorical skills than most of us would ever have. (How are the Korean’s awkward incorporations of hip-hop lingo in this post so far? Any flashbacks from your parents trying to talk “cool”?)

Is Tupac being bull-headed for refusing to listen to a valid criticism? Sure he is. But if your aim is to criticize with the hopes of bringing about changes in behavior (rather than to bitch and moan simply to masturbate your own ego,) does his bull-headedness matter? Consider this – which one is easier to change, the listener’s predisposition to criticism that was built through his entire life, or the speaker’s words out of his mouth, formulated in his head in a few minutes?

In other words, if your true aim is to make Korea a better place through criticism, focus your energy on something that is faster and easier. Focus on your rhetorical skills rather than Korean people’s receptiveness. Truth is, on some level Koreans themselves know that some of them are rather too sensitive to criticisms from non-Koreans. They are working on that, whether or not non-Koreans see the effort. But that will take time.

You could, theoretically, make the Pebble Beach minefield easier; you can bring in minesweepers to take out all the mines, erect huge walls to negate the strong sea wind, and change the whole shape of the course to make it resemble your neighborhood rink. But any progress, as it were, will be achieved very slowly. And more importantly – at least for the Korean himself – it won’t be fun to play.

If you consider yourself to be a skilled rhetorician, what better challenge do you have than volleying a round of criticisms about Korean society to Korean people? If countless blowups make you realize that you are not just ready for this game, stop playing. Shut your mouth and your keyboard for once, and hone your game until you can finally step up to the tee without embarrassing yourself. After all, no one ever told you to play in the Pebble Beach minefield that is Korea.

To that end, here are some practical advices for navigating this hazardous yet exciting course:

Know Yourself. The most important one of all. Now you know how difficult the course is. Korea is a complicated place. Do you know if you can handle it? Do you have more than a shallow understanding of Korea? Do you directly talk to Korean people, and not just the kind who is learning English from you? Do you know Korean history inside and out? Do you have enough knowledge to place things in proper perspective? Can you back up what you argue with rich detail and strong citations?

Pick the Right Fight. Recognize which battle is worth going into. There is no sense in wasting time arguing with a person who is simply flailing in an inexperienced area. Gently figure out where your listener stands. Is she well-educated? Well-traveled? Well-versed in knowledge about Korea? Picking an unworthy target is a waste of time. Engage in a serious debate with a smart, serious Korean person.

Be a Better Rhetorician. The Korean cannot instantly make you a better rhetorician. Like with any mastery of skill, being a convincing critic takes a lot of time spent reading, writing, and practicing. But the Korean would point out three areas that are often neglected.

1. Proceed with caution. Realize that you are venturing into a sensitive area, and so you really need to watch each step you take. In fact, Americans have some practice with this when they discuss race relations. (And many Americans, recognizing that they do not have the ability to skillfully navigate such an explosive area, simply stop talking about it. The Korean thinks it is less than ideal for American society as a whole, but on an individual level it is a wise choice.)

To that end, try reading this article from Sports Illustrated by Kelly Dwyer, about the disparity of media treatment that Latrell Sprewell received after assaulting his coach, and that of Shawn Chacon after assaulting his general manager. The article is not even directly about race; it is more about how NBA is treated differently from MLB. But look how many cautions that Dwyer throws into the article.

This is the type of caution that non-Korean critics of Korea must always employ. Doing this at first would not feel comfortable; it would feel cumbersome and nearly paralyzing. But this will make a difference in whether you are listened to or not. If Dwyer did not put in that much cautionary language, he would have been dismissed as another race-mongering sportswriter. Instead, by advancing carefully, he coaxes the readers’ attention all the way to the end, to his strongly worded (“just ridiculous”) conclusion.

2. Be patient. Any change in opinion generally would come very slowly. Take the Korean’s word for this: Korean people deep down are keen on hearing what non-Koreans have to say about them. They are receptive to what you have to say, although it often does feel like ramming your head against a brick wall. Criticize skillfully, and Korean people will listen to you. Take comfort in small milestones, and continue to move forward. Like Coach Anzai says, “When you give up, the game is over.”

3. Avoid harsh words. Many critics are utterly convinced that the harshest words will be the most effective. Even a nice person like Roboseyo sees a value in polemic writing:

“1. polemical writing gets more blog hits than diplomatic writing
2. polemical writing sticks in peoples' heads for longer than diplomatic writing, which means it ultimately has a higher chance of changing a person's pattern of thinking!
3. polemical writing stirs up emotions, which means it will start more discussions, than diplomatic writing, which might not poke through someone's guard.

Bare fact: A scalpel is a better surgical tool than a pillow, and sometimes, a social problem must be sharply criticized to bring about change; gentle phrases just won't stir up a strong enough reaction.”


The Korean disagrees. A scalpel is a better surgical tool than a pillow, but a surgery performed only with a scalpel without any anesthesia would not do any good, simply because the patient would refuse the surgery.

Remind yourself of the greater objective. Are you trying to stroke your own ego by flinging your most damaging attacks and earning the adulation of the people who would have agreed with you no matter how you said the same point you made? Or are you truly trying to convince the people whose opinions are radically different from yours?

The Korean wants to have nothing to with the first group. If you are one of such people, please go find a remote expat rant blog and continue the circlejerk. But for the second group, recognize that rational debate is only possible when the listener is willing to listen. You could have the clearest logic under the sky, and it would not matter one bit.

Aristotle identified ethos, logos, and pathos as the three modes of persuasion. With ethos, the speaker establishes her knowledge and credibility. With logos, the speaker takes logical steps to her conclusion. With pathos, the speaker makes an emotional connection with the listener and convinces the listener to accept her conclusion. In many situations, one or two of them may suffice. But remember, this is Pebble Beach minefield. Successful criticism of Korea from a non-Korean could only come when there is an abundance of all three modes.

That means that an aspiring Korea-critic cannot afford to miss out on pathos. Screaming “I do this for your own good!” - as some expat rant blogs do - does not count. If anesthesia is easily available, would you let your doctor cut you open using only a scalpel because it would be for your own good?

The effect of appealing to a negative emotion is highly overestimated. A polemicist typically has this image in which their missives are closely read, leading the reader to nod slowly as they realize the error of their ways. But has this ever happened to you? To anyone you know, ever? More typical response would be to say “what a fucking idiot!”, and dismiss the writing. Here is a universal truth, valid across space and time: people do not listen to people who piss them off.

Criticism with surgical efficiency does not depend on how hard you verbally strike the listener; it only depends on the location of your strike, and the skill and precision it takes to strike only that location. Your best chance of persuasion is only if you give a strong, rational criticism aimed only at addressing a clearly defined issue. Your argument will be listened to because you avoided spilling to areas that would cause unnecessary emotional flare-up; if your argument is strong enough, it might just convince your listener to change her mind.

The Korean once visited Spain, and watched a series of bullfights. After several rounds, the Korean was struck by the fact that the most fatal strike is the one that appears the most effortless. Three different matadors fought six bulls, and it was clear that the inept matador was the one who was expending the most effort. He would stab and stab at the bull with all of his strength, but the bull continued to stand up and charge. On the other hand, the most skillful matador only needed one shot; his sword slipped through the bull’s body like it was made of butter, and the bull fell within seconds. This should be the image of the most effective criticism.

With that image in mind, go forth into the minefield, the Korean’s complaining expat friends! This concludes the series.

Got a question or a comment for the Korean? Email away at askakorean@hotmail.com.

21 comments:

  1. Wow - excellent read. Thank you for taking time out of your day to write this one up.

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  2. Wow. That was fantastic. Thanks for the pebble beach minefield image. I'll put your thoughts about polemic into my mixer and see what I think about it.

    At first, I'm inclined to agree on an individual-to-individual level, though the rules might be different for the written word -- guys like Sartre or Nietzche or Jonathan Swift generally pulled no punches. Then again, they also had the linguistic chops to pull it off.

    Your description of the bullfight reminded me of this:
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=itQ2Ol9t6es

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  3. How are the Korean’s awkward incorporations of hip-hop lingo in this post so far? Any flashbacks from your parents trying to talk “cool”?

    More rap analogies, please! That was the best part of the post!

    They were funny, simply because they were surprising, but actually not at all awkward.

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  4. That was highly edifying, thank you. Please post more often.

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  5. Thank you for this post. It was great! Good analogies both with Pebble Beach and rappers.

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  6. You could've saved yourself 10,000 words by using the description most Western businessmen use to describe their Korean counterparts: Farmers in suits.

    Honestly, given the minefield navigation necessary just to make simple criticisms and the overwhelming chance that the criticism will still be rejected out of hand, misconstrued, or seen as an attack on the people and not the problem...is it any wonder that the majority of Westerners don't even bother to make constructive criticisms to Koreans, but rather bitch to each other about Koreans instead?

    And is it any wonder that Korea continues to be hamstrung by so many of the same problems (corruption, sexism, corruption, cronyism, corruption, nepotism, corruption, racism, corruption, crass materialism, corruption, domestic violence, corruption, lack of respect for the law, corruption, violent protests, corruption) precisely because they're so touchy about accepting criticism of those chronic problems?

    Just for the heck of it, I'll throw another little boy on the soccer field example in there:

    The little boy stands on the sidelines screaming "I'm a big boy! I'm a big boy! I can play with you big boys, you must respect me as a big boy!" Then gets hit with a hard tackle and says "Please take it easy I'm only a little boy!" Then when he scores a goal he gloats in the faces of all the other players yelling "Look at the little boy kicking the asses of all you big boys! I'm so small and don't have any natural resources but I'm beating all your asses!" After the game at the bar, when the check comes, he says "Sorry, I'm only a poor little boy with no money." And finally on his way out the door he brings out a wad of cash and flashes it at the ladies, saying "Check out the big boy with loads of cash."

    In other words, big boy when it's advantageous, little boy when it's not, but generally annoying and hypocritical regardless. This is what drives whitey mental when dealing with Koreans, because most of us could really care less how Koreans classify themselves...we just want some consistency and honesty rather than endless excuses of "don't judge us harshly, you don't understand Koreans, we're still developing" quickly followed by endless bragging about the greatest language in the world, 4 seasons, movable type, the IT Superpower of the Universe, and on and on.

    Seriously, the farmer shines through regardless of how expensive the suit is.

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  7. mrhand,

    Well, that's one way to put it. It is not incorrect, since the Korean made an essentially same point, in part I of the series. But the way you put it is not very tactful; perhaps that's the reason why your criticisms get rejected outright?

    "Honestly, given the minefield navigation necessary just to make simple criticisms..."

    That's the type of sentence that makes the Korean think you probably didn't understand the post. The point of the post was that what appears to be a simple criticism is never simple, if it comes from a non-Korean.

    "And is it any wonder that Korea continues to be hamstrung by so many of the same problems ... precisely because they're so touchy about accepting criticism of those chronic problems?"

    That one made the Korean laugh. What an inflated sense of ego! You think Korea has problems because it does not listen you, or other complaining expats? That's precisely the type of American/Western arrogance that the rest of the world detests. Koreans are acutely aware of all the problems you have listed, and they are working on it in their own way. Complaining expats fail to see this, either because they do not directly access the Korean media, or because they just don't care.

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    1. As a Westerner married to a Korean wife I spend a considerable amount of time trying to learn about my wife's country, culture and language I can say this is why you fail to communicate with Koreans. It sounds like mrhand wants to debate about Korean problems without taking anytime to understand the Korean people. I do not purport to be an expert and have much more to learn but when a Westerner levels those criticisms at South Koreans I have observed that most of these Westerners have taken no time to understand the Korean perspective. These Westerners judge them through a Western lens. Those problems mrhand listed were once upon a time Western problems. It took us almost 150 years to make headway into those problems. South Korea on the other hand went from poor to rich so quickly, overnight would be an appropriate word considering the scale of what they accomplished in such a short time, that this means they skipped over a lot of those problems. In fact if a Westerner learns about this rise to economic independence from a Korean perspective I think they would be greatly impressed at how adaptable the Korean people are; their history provides even more insight into why this is. I have come to respect the Korean people as some of the most versatile people in the world. Knowing this I think I can say to the arrogant Westerner that not only are the Korean people fully aware of these problems but that it would be a safe bet for me to say they won't need the 150 years we needed to solve them. If you come into the debate with this level of respect and understanding instead of with the arrogance, disdain and racist labeling (i.e. farmers in suits) you use they might just be more willing to listen to you

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  8. You are an excellent writer, and very logical/level-headed as well. I don't know what your day job is, but you are seriously very talented as a writer! I'm looking forward to reading more of your thoughts. As an expat myself in Korea, I think some people just tend to find the negative easier, esp. in a foreign environment. It's easier for them to point out exactly why the glass is half empty because they have expectations that they expect reality to conform to. In many ways I think they are being hypocritical when accusing Koreans of being stubborn and closed-minded. If you live in a glass house, you should be careful about throwing stones. The reality of course is that nowhere is perfect, and different cultures should be looked at as apples and oranges and appreciated for what they are rather than trying to compare lists of qualities to ascertain a "value" to them. An example of this would be when football teams play, and the sports page runs down a list of who has the better: a) Offense, b) Defense, c) Special Teams, d) Coaching, etc. I'm sure as an American that if a Korean came to America for a relatively short amount of time and started trying to point out to someone (with an unsolicited opinion) everything they found wrong with America, their opinion would not be too readily accepted either. I think your analysis of the insecurity is spot on. Korea's history is vastly different than America's or other Western countries and lends itself in part to that insecurity and tendency towards protecting the sense of national identity. When a Korean asks me, "How do you think about Korea?", I know they're looking for some form of validation instead of something negative. It's a natural human tendency. When people criticize, they tend to come across as only fixating on the negative without any acknowledgment of the positive. Hence why I really hate performance reviews from a boss in the workplace :)

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  9. This is an unbelievably thoughtful post. Not just the best post of your Blog I've thus far read (I've been back-tracking from the most current), but one of the best Blog post I've read simply.

    This sentence was particularly perspicacious:

    "But this nationalistic zeal is not just an outcome of the spectacular growth; it has been a very important tool of the growth as well."

    Too often ex-pats have jaundiced view of Korean nationalism and only accentuate its negative consequences. While I too am at times a merciless critic of Korean hyper-nationalism, one must remember the context and the phenomenon as a whole.

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  10. Great post.

    But what if you're a kyopo?

    I'm a Korean-American and I often make the same criticisms. Why do Koreans take it so particularly harshly?

    Is it because I'm Korean too, at least by blood, so they think I'm a "traitor?"

    Because the absurd stuff they say to me is what they say to non-Koreans, and it's annoying as hell.

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  11. American,

    Because Koreans in the motherland tend to think that first generation immigrants and their offspring cannot identify with the sacrifice involved in constructing the "Miracle of the Han River," the main point of nationalistic zeal that The Korean points out in this article. One of the worst classifications of immigrant families I've heard to date calls them "ungrateful swine that flock to greener pastures at the first chance they get. What would they know about sacrifice?"

    Which is clearly untrue, given the enormous sacrifice that first generation immigrant families make to get by in America. But that doesn't matter to Koreans, who tend to think of America as a land of milk and honey, where just by being there, you're engaging in an indulgent lifestyle. This perception is changing as Korea is advancing in the world stage, but it still exists. Also, it doesn't help that there is just something cultural about how Koreans can't stand to see people around them do well. There is even an idiom for that: 배가 아프다, which literally means "My stomach hurts."

    But at the heart of it is really just a dismissal that "their experiences are different from ours," which then raises the question, why else do you even talk to other people then?

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  12. wow - excellent read.
    you wish :)

    you keep saying that you are asian and latino blah blah,

    but, you are not one of us.

    look at ur face. and color.
    you are not one of us.

    so go get your color first.
    weirdo.

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  13. Korean People's Hypersensitivity

    "First, let us eliminate one popular hypothesis from the running. Some observers posit that Korean culture is simply not a “criticizing culture”, because it emphasizes homogeneity and harmony. Because Koreans are reluctant to criticize one another, the theory goes, any amount of criticism is considered a very bold act, and often deeply insulting."

    This is absolutely true and it was always like this throughout its history. This rigid confucius society commands absolute loyalty and obedience. Any dissent is seen as disrespectful and fraud upon! Why do you think Korea and China (both confucius society) ascended out of poverty so quickly???

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  14. Thanks very much for the excellent blog. A perspective that includes an understanding of both Korean and American perspectives is refreshing. One additional thing I've learned in my time in Korea is the importance of the perception of shared experiences. These points may be applicable to a broader context than just Korea but that's another topic.

    Generally speaking, in Korea, things like race and ethnicity, can sometimes be almost indistinguishable from things like language, history, culture eg. shared experiences. Therefore, when a Korean person sees a person of a different race or ethnicity it is often consciously or unconsciously assumed that, different race = different experiences = lack of understanding. To be fair, I understand a lot more now, after being married to my Korean wife (and her family for that matter) for five and a half years, attended a Korean graduate school, and worked in a Korean company than I did when I was living in Seoul and teaching English. These are all things that tended to increase my understanding of things I was critical of in Korean culture. They have also tended to increase the weight that my Korean friends put on my opinion. I realize that not everyone will be in this same situation. And I'm not saying that people have to do all that in order to have an opinion. However, increasing one's knowledge of Korean life and culture through experience and, maybe more importantly, through watching and listening (눈치, noon chi: knowing what to do without being told, as my wife put it), can increase the perception of shared experiences, increase our own understanding, and make people more willing to listen.

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  15. Great post...this why ATK has so many followers. I've glanced at Roboseyo's site but not really read it so I'm not at all familiar with his situation. I see his frustration though. Obviously if you have chosen to spend years of your life in another country you would expect to be able to converse with people about things that matter. Is there no one in Korea that he could have a lively conversation about economic, social or political issues, not even people in academia? America has experienced a upsurge in rabid nationalism over the past 12 years. Now I say rabid because we have always been nationalistic. Hence our American arrogance which is famous abroad. I'd go so far to say that we aren't just arrogant we as a nation are a nation of hypocrites, but that's for another discussion. At least if you come here, it depends on who you talk to whether or not you will get foaming at the mouth patriotism or thoughtful lively discussion. Obviously you can't go to Podunk County Arkansas and start telling folks all the stuff that's wrong with America. I am thankful that there are a few of us left here who want to know the truth, good or bad. So that's my question, is Korean society so homogenous that there are no people open to discussion about it's challenges? I'm just thinking the poor guy probably can't talk to the people he comes into contact with most of the time. I have the same problem. This isn't a Korean people problem, it's just a people problem.

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  16. Just one observation I am a hedge fund trader, you are wrong in your article, 13.5% return per year is not an impressive target for a normal hedge fund and to achieve bigger returns can easily be achieved in variable return investments in fact what korea got in 45 years a good trader can make it in a few weeks, just my personal opinion. I work in Wallstreet better numbers are achieved everyday by far. But i loved the article a lot very informative, thanks

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  17. Excellent post. The only other thing I think may make a difference is the lack of practice writing and debating in Korean schools. Most of them don't do either in Korean or English, and I think that contributes to the absurdity of the defense sometimes.

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  18. I would say that if that message of basically "we were the only ones to suffer" then that does create a sort of one-up-manship in terms of trying to converse with some Koreans. A sense of "no matter how hard your life has been mine has been much worse" and it's a badge of honour for people in Korea, no doubt. I try to, at some stage of the year, talk about Ireland and the woes the country's experienced and try to get the kids to relate to me/ my country. (I'm not sure if it has a lasting impression on them) There's a problem with that line of thinking and it's that you will tend to ignore the suffering of others. My problem in living here in Korea since 2007, as a westerner (Irish), is attempting to get certain practical things done or even simply discussed or explained. For example trying to get the heat turned on at school, I get labeled the whining westerner (perhaps) and told if I didn't like it I could "move to a southern country". It's so easy to get type-cast here as that. It can be very frustrating, indeed. Korean co-workers complain about these things (among co-workers in the office here, probably not so directly to the higher-ups) but if I do it in English (as my Korean skills are lacking) the perception is automatically as if I'm some sort of colonialist/ imperialist trying to impose my will on the country or as some sort of wimpy, whiny westerner and ought to man-up or get out of the country. So, it's frustrating. I'm not saying there's some historical/ rational reason for the attitudes of Koreans but yes, here I think the mention of teams by the Korean above is useful. Yes, Korea is largely homogenous and Koreans tend to think of a nation's people playing for the team, thinking and behaving as more or less one. (Maybe a gross over-simplification, and need more explanation but..) And they tend to lump in all white westerners into AMERICAN (Perhaps it's been so drilled into them, that this is subconscious behaviour now) and what that signifies for Koreans is a complex mix of jealousy, curiosity, national shame, etc. etc. I do resent that and I tend to wonder from time to time, how do I reach my students at this age and effect any changes in mindsets, at least in some minor way. At work, it's gotten to a stage where I do the minimum in terms of expected behaviour (in other words I do the nod, and the greetings) and try to keep my interactions with the "International Education Office"(read English Teachers Office) at the school to a minimum. One place where I would expect to encounter people (in Korea) who have an understanding (not assumptions or prejudices) of western culture would be an English teachers' department.

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  19. -Why, when I tell my Korean students and everyone I meet in Korea that I love haejanggook and other Korean foods, they're surprised I don't say bibimbap or bulgogi?
    -Why the pushing of the food abroad? Is this linked to the arguments put forward by the Korean above? Being Irish, sure perhaps I'd like people to enjoy Irish food but I'm not goin' around the world saying "Here have a Guinness and lamb stew. It's good for you. Prevents cancer. etc." and I'm not crest-fallen when someone disparages Irish food.
    -Why, when foreigners who live in Korea illustrate some negative experience they've had living in Korea, that there are Koreans who jump on them and say "Can't you say something positive about Korea?" and try to sweep it under the carpet. Perhaps another manifestation of what is brought up above. If you've been drilled that you're the best etc. etc. until your 20s then you see some criticism (however minor) you react in such a manner. Also, of course, they might be hearing foreigners coarsely criticizing their country and feel a need to "stand up for the country and defend it". (Another thing that has been well-drilled) I was at the gym back in Daegu and I was on a water break and there was a guy there who I was familiar with - we chatted a few times and were friendly. He was into history and he mentioned he read (or watched) something about the bravery of the Celts in battle. And I must've gave him a "not-patriotic enough" response judging by what he said to follow up. He said something along the lines of "You should be proud of those Celts, your country people" and so on...
    -another gripe is the constant mentioning of "Korea is the only divided country in the world." (I see it in essays and speeches all the time) Now, there perhaps is a way to rewrite that sentence to make it more accurate. (Historians?) But I always have to point out on the map - see this? This is Northern Ireland. This? The Republic of Ireland. There are, of course, more examples.
    Well... I've rambled on.

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  20. What a thoughtfully composed and well-written article. It was very easy to understand, and I love your use of analogies to describe approaching a discussion about this topic. The highlight of your article, for me, was your assertion that "A scalpel is a better surgical tool than a pillow, but a surgery performed only with a scalpel without any anesthesia would not do any good, simply because the patient would refuse the surgery." This statement really hammered your point well. Thank you for taking the time to write this!

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